液力變矩器的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理

YJ380系列變矩器由能量轉(zhuǎn)換元件、動(dòng)力輸入、輸出元件、固定支承元件、液壓件及其它附件組成。

液力變矩器是以液體為工作介質(zhì)的葉片式傳動(dòng)裝置，扭矩的傳遞依靠工作腔內(nèi)液體的動(dòng)量矩變化來實(shí)現(xiàn)。其工作原理為：泵輪通過動(dòng)力輸入零件與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的飛輪聯(lián)結(jié)，接受發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的機(jī)械能，并將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣ぷ饕后w的液體能，渦輪接受工作液體的能量并將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能，通過動(dòng)力輸出零件將其傳遞出去。導(dǎo)輪改變工作液體的流向，給工作液體一個(gè)反作用扭矩，并起變矩、變速的作用。

進(jìn)油閥原理上為主壓力閥和溢流閥組合而成。主壓力閥既保證液力變矩器有足夠的供油量，又確保主機(jī)的變速油路的油壓處于1.2-1.4Mpa的范圍內(nèi)。溢流閥的作用是建立系統(tǒng)的補(bǔ)償壓力，并根據(jù)變矩器的不同工況、內(nèi)部液流的變化規(guī)律自動(dòng)調(diào)整供油系統(tǒng)通過變矩器的流量，以控制變矩器的散熱量，同時(shí)如變矩器的進(jìn)口發(fā)生阻塞時(shí)起過壓保護(hù)作用。出口閥的作用是保證循環(huán)圓內(nèi)的工作液體處于所需的工作狀態(tài)。

由于液力變矩器的這種特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)和作用，車輛采用這種傳動(dòng)部件較機(jī)械傳動(dòng)有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：

1. 由于液力變矩器的自動(dòng)變矩作用，使工作機(jī)械對(duì)外界突變載荷具有較好的適應(yīng)性能。避免發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)因外載荷的突然增大而熄火，并自動(dòng)滿足工作機(jī)械牽引工況的要求。

2. 由于工作介質(zhì)是液體，能夠起到減振和隔振作用，提高工程機(jī)械的使用壽命。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)壽命可提高47%，變速箱壽命可提高400%。

3. 可提高車輛的通過性和適應(yīng)性。

4. 可簡化車輛的操作系統(tǒng)。

由于上述優(yōu)點(diǎn)，液力變矩器越來越廣泛的被采用。

Structure and working principle of hydraulic torque converter

YJ380 series torque converter consists of energy conversion components, power input and output components, fixed support components, hydraulic parts and other accessories.

The hydraulic torque converter is a vane transmission device that uses liquid as the working medium. The transmission of torque relies on the change of the momentum moment of the liquid in the working chamber. Its working principle is: the pump wheel is connected to the flywheel of the engine through the power input part, receives the mechanical energy of the engine, and converts it into the liquid energy of the working fluid. The turbine accepts the energy of the working fluid and converts it into mechanical energy, and through the power output part Pass it on. The guide wheel changes the flow direction of the working fluid, gives the working fluid a reaction torque, and plays the role of torque and speed change.

The oil inlet valve is basically a combination of a main pressure valve and a relief valve. The main pressure valve not only ensures that the hydraulic torque converter has sufficient oil supply, but also ensures that the oil pressure of the main engine's transmission oil circuit is within the range of 1.2-1.4Mpa. The function of the relief valve is to establish the compensation pressure of the system and automatically adjust the flow of the oil supply system through the torque converter according to the different working conditions of the torque converter and the changing rules of the internal fluid flow to control the heat dissipation of the torque converter. If the inlet of the torque converter is blocked, it will act as overvoltage protection. The function of the outlet valve is to ensure that the working liquid in the circulation circle is in the required working state.

Due to the special structure and function of the hydraulic torque converter, vehicles using this transmission component have the following advantages over mechanical transmission:

1. Due to the automatic torque conversion function of the hydraulic torque converter, the working machine has better adaptability to sudden external loads. It prevents the engine from stalling due to a sudden increase in external load, and automatically meets the requirements of the traction working conditions of the working machinery.

2. Since the working medium is liquid, it can play the role of vibration reduction and isolation, extending the service life of construction machinery. According to statistics: engine life can be increased by 47%, and gearbox life can be increased by 400%.

3. It can improve vehicle passability and adaptability.

4. Simplifies the vehicle’s operating system.

Due to the above advantages, hydraulic torque converters are more and more widely used.